Nutrigenomics is the study of learning about the influence of genes in the body with nutrients, explaining about how human DNA is transcribed into RNA and proteins that are components of the body in the conduct of biological activity. Nutrigenomics also been explained by the influence of genetic variation nutrition by linking gene expression or single nucleotide polymorphisms with nutrient absorption, metabolism, elimination or biological effect. Thus, rational Nutrigenomics aims to develop tools to optimize nutrition, in relation to genotype.
Right now, the study of nutrigenomic being developed and researched by scientists of nutrition in the hope that humans can know the effect of genes and diet in health so that the fore expected to find genes that fit the food to be consumed. However, science does not only discuss nutrigenomik about it but also applied sciences genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics of human nutrition to understand the relationship between nutrition and health.
Nutrigenomics knowledge of this will help us to know what foods and beverages that are suitable for disease genes kita.sehingga body obesity, diabetes, heart disease, cancer, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's, aging and disease can be avoided. Nutrigenomikmemberitahu food science what we need and what foods should we avoid. Because chemicals in food can alter gene expression or alter the structure of genes.
Studying composition with the nutritional needs of our genes will memberian based on our knowledge of the types of food appropriate anything for our consumption. This knowledge is important to maintain our health and keep us from potential chronic diseases that may attack so we need the drug can also be reduced.
The effect of this genetic variation influenced by the location of these genes and gene effects on genes other. Changes in gene also provides a different impact on the population (race) is different. Specific DNA composition also has a resistance to certain diseases. Therefore, the development of science is nutrigenomik a crucial moment to revolutionize human understanding of what is eaten (Assyaukani)

Writed By : Andi Imam

Sport is an important element which we understand is very beneficial to the human body, needs exercise in a balanced way that is not too much the same way that was never done sports activities. Many benefits can be gained from these activities, such as the smooth flow of blood thus reducing the risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease, helps the metabolism process that smoothly, and does not create a rigid body. In the book Inquire Within Upon Everything quoted as saying that "Sport in the open air is the first important thing for the human body, but many ignore it because they want to manage their own time", and it is this which describe the state of society in urban areas, because many of us sometimes find excuses for not exercising, because they are part of so many people who do not understand the importance of exercise for body and soul.

Many things can be obtained from the exercise, because it is very good and important, so good to research experts say that exercise can make life much longer. However, exercise does not need excessive, excessive exercise is as bad as too little, excessive exercise will have a negative effect because it gives the opposite effect because it is not giving freshness to the body but only the physical exhaustion, muscle, hormone imbalances, and the body system become weak. So should someone to sport enough for 20 minutes a day or 60 to 75 minutes a week.

Start with light stuff, cycling in the morning, aerobics, or brisk walking for 20 minutes will make the body more fresh and healthy both physically and soul. Here are some of the benefits of exercise for you (Marsden, Kathryn):

1. Sports provide a better sense
2. Sports provide more excitement and energy
3. Sport keeps you warm
4. Exercise good for bones
5. Sports maintaining ideal body weight
6. Sports makes the heart and lungs felt more strongly
7. Sports makes better sleep / sleep
8. Sports help you enjoy life
9. Sport your depression away
10. Sports became the best stress repellent ever discovered.

Sports and Health Body

Sports are closely related to the field of nutrition, exercise metabolism processes a smooth one, which helps expel toxins in the body and reduce acidity in body tissue known as detoxification. Detoxification process carried out during the exercise to make the remaining substances in the body that are carcinogens through sweat during exercise.

In addition to indirectly useful to the process of dumping toxins in the body, exercise to keep your ideal weight. If the excess weight, exercising regularly and consistently make the falling weight without having to go on a diet that torture, once again I said for good metabolic processes. To remove fat, heart rate and speed up multiply in sweat and panting a bit and of course that we can get from mild and sport enough.

Experts say that exercise can burn calories by quite a lot, compare it to just sit there, you'll only be burning calories as much as 75-100 calories per hour different from the case with when we exercise that can reach up to 500 calories per hour. And of course this is more efficient and effective in maintaining weight loss than diets that many obese and overweight patients who dreamed of having an ideal weight.

But for people with certain diseases and the elderly who of course had to avoid fatigue or feeling tired because of his health at risk is recommended to do light and activity it as part of the smooth movement of blood flow and metabolism processes. For a person suffering from a disease that is not advisable to feel fatigue can take the kind of gentle exercise that can be done by anyone, ex sit in the morning to do a little movement or meditation with a circulation of air through the nose and mouth or take a yoga class. For elderly patients, sometimes many are reluctant to exercise for reasons that are really painful for those of inflammatory arthritis, so that should make as little movement as possible. The solution is to avoid extreme movements and even better if you have gymnastics instructor who knows the movements beneficial for the elderly.

There are tips for starting a good exercise for lazy people who do that (Marsden, Katrhyn):

1. Select sport you really like
2. Creative
   If you feel unattractive, look for the option exercise your own
3. Start slowly
4. Always warm up first
5. Make sure you feel comfortable
6. Limit yourself

Do not exercise until you feel pain or discomfort, stop!

7. Think twice before you decide to jog
8. Do not set unrealistic goals
9. Patient
   If you wish to lose weight in quick time then it would not be possible, therefore, be patient through this activity.
10. Plan your walk
11. Take time
12. Make changes

Make your menu a different sport every day, creative!

13. Exercising with music accompaniment
14. Find a friend
15. Participate in exercise class
16. Do not let your age hinder
17. Give yourself an incentive

Tell yourself that you are not going to do something before you exercise

18. Compliment yourself

Tell yourself that "I've done" and maintain the consistency that is in you.

THE EXTENT OF THE PROBLEM

Currently more than 1 billion adults are overweight – and at least 300 million of them are clinically obese. Current obesity levels range from below 5% in China, Japan and certain African nations, to over 75% in urban Samoa. But even in relatively low prevalence countries like China, rates are almost 20% in some cities.

Childhood obesity is already epidemic in some areas and on the rise in others. An estimated 17.6 million children under five are estimated to be overweight worldwide. According to the US Surgeon General, in the USA the number of overweight children has doubled and the number of overweight adolescents has trebled since 1980. The prevalence of obese children aged 6-to-11 years has more than doubled since the 1960s. Obesity prevalence in youths aged 12-17 has increased dramatically from 5% to 13% in boys and from 5% to 9% in girls between 1966-70 and 1988-91 in the USA. The problem is global and increasingly extends into the developing world; for example, in Thailand the prevalence of obesity in 5-to-12 year olds children rose from12.2% to 15-6% in just two years.

Obesity accounts for 2-6% of total health care costs in several developed countries; some estimates put the figure as high as 7%. The true costs are undoubtedly much greater as not all obesity-related conditions are included in the calculations.

HOW DOES EXCESS BODY FAT IMPACT HEALTH?

Overweight and obesity lead to adverse metabolic effects on blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides and insulin resistance. Some confusion of the consequences of obesity arise because researchers have used different BMI cut-offs, and because the presence of many medical conditions involved in the development of obesity may confuse the effects of obesity itself.

The non-fatal, but debilitating health problems associated with obesity include respiratory difficulties, chronic musculoskeletal problems, skin problems and infertility.

The more life-threatening problems fall into four main areas: CVD problems; conditions associated with insulin resistance such as type 2 diabetes; certain types of cancers, especially the hormonally related and large-bowel cancers; and gallbladder disease.

The likelihood of developing Type 2 diabetes and hypertension rises steeply with increasing body fatness.

Confined to older adults for most of the 20th century, this disease now affects obese children even before puberty. Approximately 85% of people with diabetes are type 2, and of these, 90% are obese or overweight. And this is increasingly becoming a developing world problem. In 1995, the Emerging Market Economies had the highest number of diabetics. If current trends continue, India and the Middle Eastern crescent will have taken over by 2025. Large increases would also be observed in China, Latin America and the Caribbean, and the rest of Asia.

Raised BMI also increases the risks of cancer of the breast, colon, prostrate, endometrial, kidney and gallbladder. Chronic overweight and obesity contribute significantly to osteoarthritis, a major cause of disability in adults. Although obesity should be considered a disease in its own right, it is also one of the key risk factors for other chronic diseases together with smoking, high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol. In the analyses carried out for World Health Report 2002, approximately 58% of diabetes and 21% of ischemic heart disease and 8-42% of certain cancers globally were attributable to a BMI above 21 kg/m2.

WHAT CAN WE DO ABOUT IT?

Effective weight management for individuals and groups at risk of developing obesity involves a range of long-term strategies. These include prevention, weight maintenance, management of co-morbidities and weight loss. They should be part of an integrated, multi-sectoral, population-based approach, which includes environmental support for healthy diets and regular physical activity. Key elements include :

· Creating supportive population-based environments through public policies that promote the availability and accessibility of a variety of low-fat, high-fibre foods, and that provide opportunities for physical activity.

· Promoting healthy behaviours to encourage, motivate and enable individuals to lose weight by :

o eating more fruit and vegetables, as well as nuts and whole grains;

o engaging in daily moderate physical activity for at least 30 minutes;

o cutting the amount of fatty, sugary foods in the diet;

o moving from saturated animal-based fats to unsaturated vegetable-oil based fats.

· Mounting a clinical response to the existing burden of obesity and associated conditions through clinical programmers and staff training to ensure effective support for those affect ed to lose weight or avoid further weight gain.